A Moroccan university professor’s interest in the
economic preservation of the declining Argan tree has resulted in women
harvesting the tree’s valuable oil increasing their income by more than
ten times.
The Argan tree is an ancient species that formerly spanned most of
North Africa, but due to over-harvesting for timber and livestock
grazing has seen its range limited to southwestern Morocco. The trees
produce nuts, which in turn contain almond-shaped pods which, when
crushed and processed, yield oil that is valued for its taste and flavor across Morocco. This rare Argan oil is used in couscous, salads
and for dipping breads. Rich in vitamin E, phenols and caratenes, it is
also used to treat skin conditions and has recently found favor in the
cosmetics industry.

Zoubida Charrouf, a professor at Mohamed V. University in Morocco,
initially developed an interest in the tree and its oil for conservation
reasons, but has since improved the extraction of oil by establishing
processing cooperatives – such as the Ajddigue and Taitmatine
cooperatives – run entirely by local women. This commercialisation of
Argan oil has boosted business in the cooperatives and emancipated the
women by offering them a meaningful livelihood. Charrouf says that Argan
Oil “should readily find a place of choice amid the most profitable
oils for human health”. Celebrities as diverse as Sophie Dahl, model and
writer, and Heston Blumenthal, one of Britain’s leading chefs, are
fans.
The commercialization was achieved by mechanizing some of the tedious
production tasks, such as grinding the nuts and pressing the oil. This
sped up the operation and also improved the quality of the oil, doubled
its shelf life, and reduced waste. Membership in the cooperatives now
ranges from 35 to 40 women, who now earn about $8.60 a day, an increase
of more than ten times from when the projects began in 1997. Argan oil
is now a high value niche product on the international market, and what
began as a cottage industry could now provide more employment to
Moroccan women.

”At the time [the project started], we were losing more than 600
hectares of Argan forest each year,” says Charrouf. “But we also wanted
to convert this ecological problem into an economic opportunity. I
knocked at several doors, but no one believed in my project. Now Argan
oil is known around the world.” The economic opportunity that Charrouf
uncovered for Moroccan women is now being supported with grants from the
Moroccan government and the European Union.
“Being part of the cooperative freed me from tedious domestic work in
people’s homes,” said one member of the Taitmatine cooperative. “Now
I’m learning to read and write and I’ve learned how to ensure the
quality of the Argan kernels. The cooperative has made me more
independent. I’ve been able to visit other cooperatives in other
provinces. I’ve seen how girls and women like me have been able to shape
their own destiny and move ahead to develop their cooperatives.”